Cas No.: 84380-01-8

MF: C12H16O7

MW: 272.25

EINECS No.: 209-795-0

Function:
- Skin Brightening: Alpha arbutin is primarily used in skincare products for its skin-brightening and lightening properties. It works by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production, thereby reducing the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone.
- Gentle Alternative to Hydroquinone: Hydroquinone is a potent skin-lightening agent but can be harsh on the skin, leading to irritation in some individuals. Alpha arbutin is considered a milder and safer alternative, with similar effects on skin pigmentation.

Application:
- Skincare Products: Alpha arbutin is commonly incorporated into various skincare products, such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks, targeting issues like age spots, sunspots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Combinational Use: Alpha arbutin is often used in combination with other skin-brightening ingredients, such as vitamin C, kojic acid, niacinamide, or licorice extract, to enhance its efficacy.

It's essential to note that product formulations and ingredient information may change over time. For the most up-to-date and accurate information on alpha arbutin and its applications, it's best to refer to product labels and consult with dermatologists or skincare experts.

- CAS No: 9004-61-9
- MW: The molecular weight of hyaluronic acid can vary widely depending on its size and molecular structure. 
- MF: (C14H21NO11)n
- EINECS No.: 232-678-0

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in the human body and various tissues of animals. It is particularly abundant in the skin, eyes, and synovial fluid of joints. Here are its primary functions and applications:

1. Hydration: One of the key functions of hyaluronic acid is its ability to retain water. It has a high water-binding capacity, capable of holding up to 1000 times its weight in water. This property makes it crucial for maintaining skin hydration and lubricating joints.

2. Lubrication: In synovial joints, hyaluronic acid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between bones and facilitating smooth joint movement.

3. Skin Health: HA plays a significant role in maintaining skin health and youthfulness. It helps keep the skin moisturized, plump, and elastic, which can improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

4. Wound Healing: Hyaluronic acid is involved in the wound healing process, promoting tissue repair and reducing inflammation.

Hyaluronic Acid has a wide range of applications in various industries, including:

1. Skincare: It is a common ingredient in skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks, aimed at providing hydration and improving the skin's moisture barrier. It is particularly popular in anti-aging formulations for its skin-plumping effects.

2. Ophthalmology: It is used in eye drops and surgical procedures to lubricate the eyes and aid in the healing of eye-related conditions.

3. Joint Health: In the field of orthopedics, hyaluronic acid injections are used as a treatment for certain joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis, to alleviate pain and improve joint function.

4. Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications: HA is also used in various pharmaceutical and medical applications, including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.

CAS No.: 70-18-8
MW: 307.33
MF: C10H17N3O6S
EINECS No.: 200-725-4

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. It is a powerful antioxidant found naturally in cells, where it plays a vital role in protecting the body from oxidative stress and maintaining cellular health. Here are its primary functions and applications:

1. Antioxidant: Glutathione is one of the body's most important antioxidants. It works as a free radical scavenger, neutralizing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidative species that can damage cells and DNA. Glutathione helps protect the body from oxidative damage and supports overall cellular health.

2. Detoxification: Glutathione is involved in various detoxification processes within the body. It plays a crucial role in helping the liver remove harmful toxins, heavy metals, and other harmful substances from the body.

3. Immune Support: Glutathione is essential for a robust immune system. It supports the function of immune cells and helps the body fight infections and illnesses.

Glutathione has various applications in the fields of medicine, healthcare, and cosmetics. Some common applications include:

1. Medical Use: Glutathione is sometimes administered intravenously or orally as a medical treatment for certain conditions, such as liver diseases, Parkinson's disease, and some types of poisoning. However, the medical use of glutathione should be done under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

2. Skincare and Cosmetics: Glutathione is popular in the skincare industry due to its antioxidant properties and its ability to promote a brightening effect on the skin. It is often used in skin whitening and brightening products to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone.

3. Dietary Supplements: Glutathione supplements are available in the form of capsules, tablets, and soft gels, often promoted for their potential antioxidant and immune-supporting benefits.

It's important to note that the effectiveness of glutathione supplements for skin whitening or other cosmetic purposes is a topic of debate, and individual results may vary. As with any supplement or skincare product, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist before use, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or concerns.

CAS No: 183476-82-6
MW: 1129.76
MF: C70H128O10
EINECS No.: 430-110-8

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is a derivative of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and is commonly used in the skincare and cosmetic industry for its antioxidant and skin-brightening properties. Here are its primary functions and applications:

1. Antioxidant: Like ascorbic acid, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is an antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals in the skin, protecting it from oxidative stress and potential damage caused by UV radiation, pollution, and other environmental factors.

2. Skin Brightening: Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate can inhibit the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin darkening and hyperpigmentation. It helps even out skin tone and reduces the appearance of dark spots, age spots, and sunspots.

3. Stability: One of the significant advantages of Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is its high stability compared to pure ascorbic acid. It is oil-soluble and less prone to oxidation, making it suitable for use in various cosmetic formulations.

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is a popular ingredient in various skincare products due to its stability and skin benefits. It is typically found in:

- Anti-aging serums: for its antioxidant properties that can help combat signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles.
- Skin brightening creams and lotions: to target hyperpigmentation and achieve a more even complexion.
- Sunscreen products: as an added antioxidant to enhance the sun protection and anti-aging effects of sunscreens.
- Skincare products aimed at improving skin texture and radiance.

It's important to note that while Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is generally considered a stable and gentle form of Vitamin C, individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using any new skincare product containing this ingredient. Additionally, as cosmetic ingredient information can change over time, it's best to check product labels or consult with skincare experts for the most current information.